000			02009nam a22002537a 4500
003			ES-MaBCM
005			20260116124758.0
008			260116s2025 sp |||||s|||| 00| 0 eng d
040			_cES-MaBCM
100	1		_aDiakonova, Marina _9131097
245	1	0	_aPolitical polarization in Europe _cMarina Diakonova, Corinna Ghirelli, Javier J. Pérez, (autores) _h[Recurso electrónico]
260			_aMadrid _b : Banco de España _c , 2025
300			_a55 p.
490	0		_aDocumentos de Trabajo _v2533
520			_aPolitical polarization—broadly defined as the growing ideological distance between political parties or their supporters—has become an increasingly prominent feature of both U.S. and European political discourse. While it is often associated with legislative dysfunction, existing measures tend to conflate polarization with its consequences. This paper proposes a narrative-based, cross-country approach to separately measure ideological polarization and legislative gridlock. Using dictionary-based analysis of national press coverage in France, Germany, Spain, and Italy, we construct two high-frequency indices: a Political Polarization Index, capturing the extent of ideological division, and a Legislative Gridlock Index, capturing evidence of policy stalling. Our results show that polarization has increased significantly in Europe since the Global Financial Crisis, though its institutional consequences vary by country: while France and Germany show a close link between polarization and gridlock, Spain and Italy present more nuanced patterns, likely reflecting differences in political institutions and reform trajectories.
650		0	_aTendencia política
650		7	_aAnálisis político
651		4	_aEuropa _9115402
700	1		_aGhirelli, Corinna _9125818
700	1		_aPérez, Javier J. _9118626
856			_uhttps://mpr.koha.es/cgi-bin/koha/opac-retrieve-file.pl?id=75a36e7f6cf6e3dabf38c4d65c3643ff _yDESCARGAR DOCUMENTO
942			_cLE
999			_c232159 _d232159